See artykuł on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykuł pierwszej potrzeby"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykuł wiary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykuł wstępny"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:articulus<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Bańkowski, Andrzej (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2000), “artykuł”, in <cite>Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish)</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2021), “artykuł”, in <cite>Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych</cite>, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2003), “artykuł”, in <cite>Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <small>→ISBN</small>, <small>→OCLC</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Witold Doroszewski, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958–1969), “artykuł”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN</span></span>>",
"etydate": "r,1501,1558<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, <span style=\"cursor:help;border-bottom: 1px dotted currentcolor\" title=\"[[w:pl:Stanisław Rospond (językoznawca)|Stanisław Rospond]], [[w:Witold Taszycki]], [[w:pl:Stefan Hrabec|Stefan Hrabec]], [[w:pl:Władysław Kuraszkiewicz|Władysław Kuraszkiewicz]]\">et al., editors (2010-2023), “artykuł”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂r-tú-s\nProto-Italic *artus\nLatin artus\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron)sl.\nLatin articuluslbor.\nPolish artykuł\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"joint\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂r-tú-s\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂er-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*artus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"artus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-kelos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-culus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"sl.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Semantic loan from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἄρθρον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"semantic loan\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"articulus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"artykuł\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"artykuł\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin articulus. First attested in 1501–1558.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂r-tú-s\nProto-Italic *artus\nLatin artus\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron)sl.\nLatin articuluslbor.\nPolish artykuł\nLearned borrowing from Latin articulus. First attested in 1501–1558.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "artykulik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "artykulisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "art.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "artyk.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"abbr": "art.,artyk.",
"adj": "artykułowy",
"aug": "artykulisko",
"dim": "artykulik"
},
"expansion": "artykuł m inan (diminutive artykulik, augmentative artykulisko, related adjective artykułowy, abbreviation art. or artyk.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ar‧ty‧kuł"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ar‧ty‧kuł"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "artykulacyjny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "artykulacyjnie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykulacja"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "artykułować"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyartykułować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 10 9 15 19 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 9 13 20 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 13 13 14 12 11 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Newspapers",
"orig": "pl:Newspapers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article, paper (published text in a newspaper or journal)"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-1qzKEugD",
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
],
[
"paper",
"paper"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 39 1 15 1 37 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article (part of a law)"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-2kE6NoQ1",
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article, merchandise (object of sale)"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-V0NaGQpl",
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
],
[
"merchandise",
"merchandise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "produkt"
},
{
"word": "towar"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Religion",
"orig": "pl:Religion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 9 10 21 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 16 21 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 9 15 19 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 16 20 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 15 17 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 13 22 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 9 13 20 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 15 18 26 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 39 1 15 1 37 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article (religious rule)"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-TJK0Nuv~",
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religion) article (religious rule)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "pl:Grammar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 9 10 21 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 16 21 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 9 15 19 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 16 20 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 15 17 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 13 22 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 9 13 20 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 15 18 26 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"article (part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun)"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-X3VCZi74",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, grammar) article (part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przedimek"
},
{
"word": "rodzajnik"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 9 9 10 20 25 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 9 10 21 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 6 6 11 22 28 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 16 21 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 15 19 29 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 9 15 19 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 16 20 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 15 17 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 13 22 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 9 13 20 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 15 18 26 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 39 1 15 1 37 7",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "pl:Law",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"regulations, laws; instructions"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-psceqSH1",
"links": [
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"instruction",
"instruction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, in the plural) regulations, laws; instructions"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 4 5 12 17 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 9 10 21 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 16 21 22 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 10 9 15 19 19 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 10 16 20 19 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 15 17 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 6 6 13 22 24 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 12 11 13 16 11 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 9 9 13 20 20 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 6 6 15 18 26 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crime; misdeed (illegal or wrong action)"
],
"id": "en-artykuł-pl-noun-oI4yhT6f",
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) crime; misdeed (illegal or wrong action)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przestępstwo"
},
{
"word": "występek"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arˈtɘ.kuw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/arˈtɨ.kuɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘkuw"
}
],
"word": "artykuł"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish learned borrowings from Latin",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Polish terms derived from Latin",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂er-",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘkuw",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɘkuw/3 syllables",
"pl:Law",
"pl:Newspapers"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykuł pierwszej potrzeby"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykuł wiary"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykuł wstępny"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":lbor",
"3": "la:articulus<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Bańkowski, Andrzej (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2000), “artykuł”, in <cite>Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish)</span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2021), “artykuł”, in <cite>Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych</cite>, <small>→ISBN</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">2003), “artykuł”, in <cite>Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego</cite> [<cite>Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language</cite>] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, <small>→ISBN</small>, <small>→OCLC</small></span></span> !!! <span class=\"cited-source\">Witold Doroszewski, editor (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1958–1969), “artykuł”, in <cite>Słownik języka polskiego</cite> (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN</span></span>>",
"etydate": "r,1501,1558<ref:<span class=\"cited-source\">Maria Renata Mayenowa, <span style=\"cursor:help;border-bottom: 1px dotted currentcolor\" title=\"[[w:pl:Stanisław Rospond (językoznawca)|Stanisław Rospond]], [[w:Witold Taszycki]], [[w:pl:Stefan Hrabec|Stefan Hrabec]], [[w:pl:Władysław Kuraszkiewicz|Władysław Kuraszkiewicz]]\">et al., editors (2010-2023), “artykuł”, in <cite>Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku</cite> [<cite>A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish</cite>]</span></span>>",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂r-tú-s\nProto-Italic *artus\nLatin artus\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron)sl.\nLatin articuluslbor.\nPolish artykuł\n[Appendix:Glossary#learned_borrowing|Learned borrowing]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"joint\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*h₂r-tú-s\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂er-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*artus\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"artus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"diminutive\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-elós\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"agent nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-lós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-elos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-kelos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-culus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"sl.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Semantic loan from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ἄρθρον\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"semantic loan\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"articulus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"lbor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"artykuł\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"artykuł\">\nLearned borrowing from Latin articulus. First attested in 1501–1558.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂r-tú-s\nProto-Italic *artus\nLatin artus\nProto-Indo-European *-lós\nProto-Indo-European *-elós\nProto-Italic *-elos\nProto-Italic *-kelos\nLatin -culus\n▲\nAncient Greek ἄρθρον (árthron)sl.\nLatin articuluslbor.\nPolish artykuł\nLearned borrowing from Latin articulus. First attested in 1501–1558.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "artykulik",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "artykulisko",
"tags": [
"augmentative"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułowy",
"tags": [
"adjective"
]
},
{
"form": "art.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "artyk.",
"tags": [
"abbreviation"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuł",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "artykułach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "artykule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "artykuły",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"abbr": "art.,artyk.",
"adj": "artykułowy",
"aug": "artykulisko",
"dim": "artykulik"
},
"expansion": "artykuł m inan (diminutive artykulik, augmentative artykulisko, related adjective artykułowy, abbreviation art. or artyk.)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ar‧ty‧kuł"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ar‧ty‧kuł"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "artykulacyjny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "artykulacyjnie"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "artykulacja"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "artykułować"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wyartykułować"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"article, paper (published text in a newspaper or journal)"
],
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
],
[
"paper",
"paper"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"article (part of a law)"
],
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"article, merchandise (object of sale)"
],
"links": [
[
"article",
"article"
],
[
"merchandise",
"merchandise"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "produkt"
},
{
"word": "towar"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"pl:Religion"
],
"glosses": [
"article (religious rule)"
],
"links": [
[
"religion",
"religion"
],
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(religion) article (religious rule)"
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses",
"pl:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"article (part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun)"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"article",
"article"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, grammar) article (part of speech that indicates, specifies and limits a noun)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przedimek"
},
{
"word": "rodzajnik"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"regulations, laws; instructions"
],
"links": [
[
"regulation",
"regulation"
],
[
"law",
"law"
],
[
"instruction",
"instruction"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, in the plural) regulations, laws; instructions"
],
"tags": [
"in-plural",
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"crime; misdeed (illegal or wrong action)"
],
"links": [
[
"crime",
"crime"
],
[
"misdeed",
"misdeed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) crime; misdeed (illegal or wrong action)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przestępstwo"
},
{
"word": "występek"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/arˈtɘ.kuw/"
},
{
"ipa": "/arˈtɨ.kuɫ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɘkuw"
}
],
"word": "artykuł"
}
Download raw JSONL data for artykuł meaning in All languages combined (10.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.